Developing an integrated framework for 3D cadastre in Iran

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and the increasing complexity of land use in Iran have highlighted the need for the development of a 3D digital cadastral system to manage aboveground and underground land and property rights. This study examines the current status of Iran's cadastre system, focusing on its capacity to manage 3D spatial data. Through comparative analysis of international 3D cadastre methods, the key requirements, and challenges for implementing a 3D cadastre in Iran are identified. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, case studies, and current practices, this study proposes a new framework that integrates legal, technical, and institutional requirements for 3D cadastre in Ira..